Governor for fluid-motors



(No Model.) 2 Sheets- Sheet 1.

W. JULIAN. GOVERNOR PoR FLUID MoToRs.

No. 545,367. Patented Aug. 27,1895.

N" ..Jlllllllllllllllllf!y (No Model.) 2 Sheezs-Shet 2.

W. JULIAN. GOVERNOR ROR FLUID MOTORS.

No. 545,367. Patented Aug. 27, 1895,

Zaal/7025565:

UNITED STATES PATENT AOMEEICE.

GOVERNOR FOR FLUID-MOTORS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 545,367, dated August27, 1895.

Application filed April 3, 1895. Serial No 544,314. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom. it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM J ULIAN, of Rochester, in the county ofMonroe and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Governors for Fluid- Motors; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forminga part of thisspecification, and to the referenceletters and numerals marked thereon.

My present invention has for its object to provide an improved governorfor securing for water-wheels or other motors operated by iluid underpressure a uniform speed by the adjustment of the gate or valveadmitting water or other duid to said motor, the direc tion of movementof said gate being dependent upon the speed of the motor, and to thisend the invention embodiesa motor or engine operated by fluid underpressure connected to said gate and in certain improvements inconstruction and combinations of parts, all as will be hereinafter fullydescribed, and the novel features pointed out in the claims at the endof this specification.

In the drawings, Figure l is a front elevation of a governor deviceconstructed in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2, a verticalsectional view taken on the line 0o of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, aplan view of thedevice; Fig. 4, a vertical section on the line y y of Fig. 3 and thecorresponding line of Fig. 5; Fig. 5, a horizontal section on the line aa of Fig. 4; Fig. 6, a sectional view on the line c b of Fig. 5; Fig.'7, a horizontal section on the line c d of Fig. 4; Fig. 8, a detailview showing the operation of one of the valve-operating devices.

Similar reference numerals and letters in the several gures indicatesimilar parts.

I have not deemed it necessary to show herein the water-wheel or motorto be controlled, as it may be of any construction desired; but it issufficient that the valve or gate controlling the supply of fluid to,itis connected to the main actuating-piston of they governor and that saidgovernor shall be driven from the motor, so that in Fig. 1, Aindicates asuitable shaft operated from the motor, having a pulley B thereon,connected by a belt C with the driving-pulley D, forming part of thegovernor mechanism. E indicates a shaft connected to and controlling theposition of the gate regulatingthe supply to the motor, and on thisshaft is shown a sector F, with which meshes a rack G, connected to thepiston-rod H of the governor mechanism.

The frame of the governor lnechanism embodies a suitable supporting-basel and a main cylinder 2, the lower end of the latter being connected toa casting 3, having suitable fluid channels, (to be described,) whilethe upper end is connected to a frame or casting 4, also having suitablepassages or channels in it. Operating in the cylinder is a piston-head5, connected to the rod H, previously described, and which by itsmovement controis the supply valve or gate of the motor. The lowercasting 3 is provided with a chamber 6, into which tluid under pressureis introduced through the supply-pipe 7, and said casting is alsoprovided with nidexhaust chambers 8 and 9, these chambers beingpreferably in the saine plane and the chamber S communicating by a pipel0 with a recess or channel 11 in the upper casting 4, which channelcommunicates with the upper end of the cylinder 2. Also, in the casting3, and preferably in a lower plane than the chambers 6, S, and 9, isprovided an exhaust chamber or passage 12, with which the exhaust-pipe13 connects, and suitable ports are arranged between chambers 8 and 9and the chamber 12, controlled by exhaust-valves le and 15, re-

spectively, the valve 14 operating, when lifted.

from its seat, to allow fluid in the chamber S to exhaust into thechamber 12, and the valve t 15, when lifted from its seat, to allowfluid in chamber 9 to exhaust' into said chamber 12. Y 16 indicates apassage communicating with the lower end of the cylinder 2 and extendingbeneath the chamber (i, a suitable opening being formed between the two,closed by the valve 18, and 17 indicates a passage communicating withthe pipe 20 at its lower end, which pipe at its upper end connects witha channel 2l in the upper casting 4, communicating with the upper end ofthe cylinder.

19 indicates a valve normally closing a port or aperture between thechambers 6 and 17 and operating, when raised, to admit pressure from theformer to the latter. The valves are preferablyT arranged in pairsembodying IOO exhaust-valve 14 and supply-valve 18 and exhaust-valve 15and a supply-valve 19, and both valves of a pair are adapted to besimultaneously lifted from their seats, as, for instance, if the valves14 and 18 are lifted Huid under pressure will be admitted from thechamber 6 through passage 1G to the lower end of the cylinder, therebyoperating to raise the piston 5 and opening the gate to the motor, andsimultaneously the valve 14 will be lifted, permitting the fluid in thecylinder above the piston to pass through passages 11, 10, 8, and 12 tothe exhaust, and so, also, when the valves 15 and 19 are lifted fromtheir seats, fluid under pressure will pass through passages 17, 20, and21 to the upper end of the cylinder above the piston, while the fluidbelow the piston will be exhausted through passages 22, 9, and 12 to theexhaustr13.

In order to operate these valves in pairs and at the proper time, Iconnect them to rods 14', 18', 15', and 19', operating throughstuffing-boxes 24, the upper end of said rods being provided with racks25 and operating in suitable recesses formed in the upper casting 4, andI preferably arrange above said rods springs 26, abutting againstadjusting-screws 27, said springs serving to hold the valves normallydown upon their seats and closing the ports controlled by them, though,the pressure of iiuid being above them, their tendency will be to close.

Journaled in suitable bearings formed in the upper casting 4 are twooscillatory arbors 28 and 29, each having gear-teeth thereon meshingwith the racks on the valve-rod and operating when turned to lift thevalves from their seats. Secured tothe outer ends of the arbors 28 and29 are crank-arms 30, each having an angular pin 31 secured to the innerside thereof and mounted upon the sleeves formed upon the casting 4, andaround said arbors are levers 32, connected with each other on one sideof the pivot by a connecting-rod 33, while the other ends of said levershave mounted upon them latches, each provided with a shoulder 34,adapted to engage with the pin 31 on the crank 30, and with tails 35,projecting in proximity to the center of oscillation of the levers 32,said latches being pivoted at 3G and being pressed by springs 37,carried on the levers 32, in a direction to cause the shoulders 34 toengage the pins 31 when moving upward, the beveled ends of said latchescausing theirengagement when moving down. The lever32, surrounding thearbor 29,is provided with a third arm 38, connected by a pitman 39 witha wrist-pin 40 on a wheel 41, connected to the end of a shaft 42, whichis driven by gears 43 and 44 from a shaft 45, on which thedriving-pulley D is mounted. From this it will be seen that, as theshaft 42 is rotated, the levers 32 (which are connected and form acontinuouslybperated Valve-actuator) will be oscillated or rocked ontheir pivots, and as the latches are moved around their shoulders 34will tend to engage the pins 31 and alternately oscillate the arbors 28and 20, lifting the valves from their seats; but in order that thesevalves shallbe lifted at the proper time and only when necessary Iprovide the oscillating releasing-cams 4G 47, controlling the engagementof the latches, the former journaled on the sleeve surrounding the arbor28 and thelatter on the sleeve surrounding the arbor 29, said cams beingprovided with arms 48, connected bya rod or link 49, and the cam 47being also provided with an additional arm 50, connected by a link 51with the end of a lever 52, pivoted at 53, the other end of said leverbeing adapted to be operated by a ballgovernor K. This governor, whichmay be of any suitable construction, is adapted to be driven from theshaft 45 by any suitable mechanism-such, for instance, as the shafts 5455 and beveled gears 56 and 57. It will new be understood that when themotor is running at normal speed the levers 32 will be oscillated by themovement of the shaft 42, which is driven mediately from the mainwaterwheel or motor, and the latches thereon would normally tend toengage the pins 3l and, oscillating the arbors 28 and 29, lift the pairsof valves alternately from their seats; but the governor K, which isalso driven by the motor, and the cams 46 and 47 operated thereby, areso adjusted that at the normal speed of the motor they will maintainsuch relation to the pins 3l, connected to the arbore, that the tails 35of the latches will be engaged by said cams and the shoulders 34prevented :from engaging and lifting the pins, as shown in full linesinFig. 8. Vhen, however, the speed falls below normal, the governor-ballswill drop, pulling up the link 51 and turning the cams so that the tail35 of the latch on the lever for actuating the arbor 28 will be allowedto move toward the center of said arbor and the shoulder 34 may engageand lift the valves 14 and 18 from their seats, thereby admitting fluidthrough the passages described to the under side of the piston 5, at thesame time connecting the upper end of the cylinder with theexhaust-chamber l2, thereby causing the engine-piston 5 to be raised andthe gate or valve governing the supply to the motor to be opened, and assoon as the motor attains normal speed again the cam 46 will be moved bythe governor so that the latch will not engage the pin 31 during theoscillation of the lever 32, thereby allowing the valves to close againby the pressure of fluid, which is always above them, or they may beassisted in this downward movement by the springs 26. In the same mannerwhen the motor exceeds the normal or predetermined speed the cam 47 willbe actuated to allow the latch controlled by it to actuate the arbor 29,as in dotted lines, Fig. 8, opening the valvesl and 19 and causing thedownward movement of the engine-piston 5, operating to close the maingate or valve. It will of course be understood that unless there is avery rapid change in the speed of the gov- IOO lZO

ernor the cams 46 and 47 will only be moved a sutlicient distance toallow the latches to engage and rotate arbors 28 or 29 a short distance,so that the valves will only be lifted a short distance from their seatsat each oscillation or the levers 32, and by this means I am enabled bythe frequent and comparatively-slight movement to regulate to a nicetythe adjustment of the supply valve or gate, and therefore the speed ofthe motor.

It will be noted that there is always asolid column of water or fluid onboth sides of the piston 5 and both valves operate against pressure andthat as the exhaust and the supply of pressure to the piston aresimultaneously and positively controlled the operation of themotor-controlling gate or valve will be smooth and not liable to beaffected by the weight ot' the valve or gate if vertically moving, norwill there be an opportunity for air to accumulate above or below thepiston and interfere with its operation, and, furthermore, as the valvesfor controlling the operation of the piston 5 are moved positively7 bythe direct operation of the motor, and are not positively actuated bythe governor, but simply thrown into engagement by it, the speed of themotor is less liable to fluctuate or to fail to operate properly.

The particular construction of the device shown is simple, and it may beconstructed cheaply, and I find in practice that it is admirably adaptedfor the purpose; but I do not desire to conline my invention to thisparticular embodiment, though I prefer it, and it is readily adapted forconnection to any style of motor or water-wheel.

I claim as my inventionl. The combination with a gate or valve of afluid motor, of an engine for controlling it embodying a movable piston,and having fluid supply passages leading to opposite sides of thepiston, and fluid exhaust passages leading from opposite sides of saidpis ton, valves in each of said passages, and connections between eachexhaust valve and its corresponding supply valve on the opposite sideot' the piston, actuating devices substantially as described foroperating said valves in pairs, and a governor for controlling theoperation of said actuating devices, substantially as described.

2. Thecombination with the gate or valveof a motor, of an engine forcontrolling it ernbodying a movable piston, valves for controlling thesupply to and valves for controlling the exhaust from said piston, saidvalves being connected in pairs consisting of a supply and an exhaustvalve, a continuously operating valve actuating device, detachableconnections between it and each of the pairs of valves, and a governorfonconnecting either pair of valves with the actuating device,substantially as described.

3. The combination with the gate or valve of a motor, of an engine forcontrolling it embodying a movable piston, valves for controlling thesupply of l'luid to opposite sides of the piston, valves for controllingthe exhaust from opposite sides of the piston, connections between eachsupply valve and its corresponding exhaust valve for causing theirsimultaneous operation, both said supply val ves opening toward thefluid supply and each of said exhaust valves opening toward the side ofthe piston controlled by it, actuating devices substantially asdescribed for operating the valves in pairs, and a governor'controllingthe operation of the actuating devices, substantially asdescribed.

4. The combination with the gate or valve of a motor, of an engine forcontrolling it embodying a movable piston, valves for controlling thesupply of luid to opposite sides of the piston, valves for controllingthe exhaust from opposite sides of the piston, connections between eachsupply valve and its corresponding exhaust valve for causing theirsimultaneous operation, both said supply valves opening toward the fluidsupply, and each of said exhaust valves opening toward the side of thepiston controlled by it, a continuously operating valve actuatingdevice, detachable connections between it and each of the pairs otvalves, and a governor for causing the connection of either pair ofvalves with the valve-actuating device, substantially as described.

5. The combination with the gate or valve of a motor, of an engine forcontrolling it em- IOOA bodying a movable piston and having valvescontrolling the supply of iiuid to opposite sides of said piston, valvesfor controlling the exhaust from opposite sides of said piston,connections between each supply andv its corresponding exhaust valve,movable supports, and latch connections between them and the pairs ofvalves, and a governor actuated by the motor controlling the engagementof the latches, substantially as described.

6. The combination with the gate or valve of a motor, of an enginecontrolling it embodying a movable piston and having valves controllingthe supply of fluid to opposite sides of said piston, valves forcontrolling the exhaust of fluid from opposite sides of the piston,connections between each supply and its corresponding exhaust valve, theoscillatory arbors, one for each pair of valves, and arms thereon,oscillatory levers and latches between said levers and arms, cams forengaging the latches and controlling their operation, and a governoroperated by the motor and controlling the movement of the cams,substantially as described.

7. The combination with the cylinder, the piston operating therein,valves controlling the supply of fluid to opposite sides of the piston,valves controlling the exhaust from opposite sides of the piston,connections between each supply and its corresponding exhaust valve,movable supports having latches IZO lIO

4 l 5453er thereon arranged to operate the valves in pairs, and agovernor device controlling the engagement of said latches with thevalve-0perating devices, substantially as described.

8. The combination with the gate or valve of a motor, of an engine forcontrolling it enibodying a movable piston, valves for controlling thesupplyand valves for controlling the exhaust from said piston, theoscillatory7 shafts, each operating one exhaust and one supply Valve,the arms on said shafts, having the pins, the continuously operatingvalveactuating device having the latches for engaging said pins, thecams for controlling said latches, and a governor device operating thecams to cause the engagement of one or the other ot' the valve shaftswith the actuating device, substantially as described.

9. The combination with the main frame embodying the cylinder and havinginlet exhaust passages, and the piston operating in said cylinder, ofthe tWo pairs of Valves, each having a stem with a rack thereon, the twooscillatory shafts having gears engaging the racks, and the catch-pinsthe oscillatory levers, the latches thereon, the cams cooperating withthe latches, and the governor connected to the cams for oscillatingthem,substantially as described.

10. The combination with the cylinder, the piston operating therein, thecasting having the chambers 6, 8 and 9, and passages 12,16, 17 and 22,the casting having the passages 11 and 21 and the tubes 10 and 20, ofthe valves 14, 15, 18 and 19 connected for operation in pairs,substantially as described.

WILLIAM JULIAN.

Vitnesses:

F. F. CHURCH, G. A. RODA.

